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*Pilot Study on Institutional Trust, Security, and Democratic Support in
Ecuador During the 2024 Crisis*
by Javier Chiliquinga-Amaya,Michela Andrade-Vásquez,Patricio Álvarez-Muñoz
,Romina Sánchez ,Efraín Vásquez  andMarco Faytong-Haro, Soc. Sci. 2025,
14(9), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090522

Abstract
This pilot study seeks to answer the following question: How does the
ongoing security crisis in Ecuador shape public support for democracy and
approval of the incumbent government? Using a panel design with monthly
surveys of 84 university students between June and November, perceptions of
the armed forces, police, political parties, parliament, and ideological
self-placement were assessed. The analysis shows that trust in the armed
forces and the police significantly increases the probability of approving
of the government, although only trust in the police is positively
associated with the approval of democracy. For political institutions, only
trust in parliament had a significant impact on both the dependent
variables. Trust in political parties was not statistically significant.
These findings suggest that, in crisis contexts, security institutions
reinforce the legitimacy of the executive, while the legislative branch can
become a key agent of democratic stability. Constant monitoring of
institutional confidence is recommended, considering the risk of
autocratization in presidential regimes in scenarios of prolonged conflict.
Keywords: security; governance; institutions; democracy; public opinion;
Ecuador

Link:  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/14/9/522
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